Atenção primária à saúde: a maior aliada na resposta à epidemia da dengue no Brasil

Em resposta ao cenário epidemiológico crítico de incidên- cia de casos, hospitalizações e óbitos por dengue, o Ministério da Saúde do Brasil incorporou, ainda em dezembro de 2023, a vacina contra a dengue no Calendário Nacional de Vacinação. Inicialmente, a vacina foi incorporada para crianças e adolescen- tes de 10 a 14 anos (1), faixa etária que concentra o maior número de hospitalizações pela doença depois das pessoas idosas — para quem, no entanto, a vacina não foi liberada pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa). Nesse sentindo, o Brasil tornou-se o primeiro país do mundo a disponibilizar a vacina contra a dengue de forma gratuita no serviço público de saúde, juntamente com diversos métodos de controle vetorial.

Measles-containing vaccines in Brazil: Coverage, homogeneity of coverage and associations with contextual factors at municipal level.

We aimed to (i) describe both the coverage and the homogeneity of coverage of the first and second doses of measles-containing vaccines (MCV) in Brazil in 2017, and (ii) to investigate the potential influence of contextual factors at municipal level. All 5570 Brazilian municipalities were included. The North and Center-West regions presented the lowest coverages of the first and second doses of MCV, respectively. We found significant associations of both first and second doses of MCV with population size, coverage of Family Health Strategy (FHS) and other indicators of living conditions and inequalities. Monitoring the homogeneity of MCV coverage at national, regional and state levels is essential, as it allows identifying areas at higher risk of measles spread that should be targeted for vaccination. Targeting large cities i.e. 100,000 or more inhabitants, especially poor neighborhoods and areas with low FHS coverage, could lead to improvements in coverage homogeneity.

Trends and spatial distribution of MMR vaccine coverage in Brazil during 2007-2017.

We analyzed the time trends and spatial distribution of MMR vaccine coverage in Brazil during 2007-2017. In early 2018, a measles outbreak started in the North region of Brazil, reaching 11 of the 27 federal units by January 24, 2019. In this period, 10,302 cases were confirmed. Although the reintroduction of measles in Brazil is likely due to migration from Venezuela, the spread of the virus was made possible by the low levels of MMR coverage, as a result of significant decreases during the study period. Areas with high concentration of municipalities with low coverage are more susceptible to the spread of the virus, especially in the North and Northeast regions. Increasing vaccination coverage is essential to block the ongoing outbreak in Brazil. Vaccination strategies might target priority areas, especially those with a marked decrease in coverage. Moreover, it is essential to extend actions to travelers, migrants and refugees.